Convection and chemistry effects in CVD: A 3-D analysis for silicon deposition

The computational fluid dynamics code FLUENT has been adopted to simulate the entire rectangular-channel-like (3-D) geometry of an experimental CVD reactor designed for Si deposition. The code incorporated the effects of both homogeneous (gas phase) and heterogeneous (surface) chemistry with finite reaction rates of important species existing in silane dissociation. The experiments were designed to elucidate the effects of gravitationally-induced buoyancy-driven convection flows on the quality of the grown Si films. This goal is accomplished by contrasting the results obtained from a carrier gas mixture of H2/Ar with the ones obtained from the same molar mixture ratio of H2/He, without any accompanying change in the chemistry. Computationally, these cases are simulated in the terrestrial gravitational field and in the absence of gravity. The numerical results compare favorably with experiments. Powerful computational tools provide invaluable insights into the complex physicochemical phenomena taking place in CVD reactors. Such information is essential for the improved design and optimization of future CVD reactors

Conductivity of Silicon Inversion Layers: comparison with and without in-plane magnetic field

A detailed comparison is presented of the temperature dependence of the conductivity of dilute, strongly interacting electrons in two-dimensional silicon inversion layers in the metallic regime in the presence and in the absence of a magnetic field. We show explicitly and quantitatively that a magnetic field applied parallel to the plane of the electrons reduces the slope of the conductivity versus temperature curves to near zero over a broad range of electron densities extending from $n_c$ to deep in the metallic regime where the high field conductivity is on the order of $10 e^2/h$. The strong suppression (or "quenching") of the metallic behavior by a magnetic field sets an important constraint on theory.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Plasma-Like Negative Capacitance in Nano-Colloids

A negative capacitance has been observed in a nano-colloid between 0.1 and 10^-5 Hz. The response is linear over a broad range of conditions. The low-omega dispersions of both the resistance and capacitance are consistent with the free-carrier plasma model, while the transient behavior demonstrates an unusual energy storage mechanism. A collective excitation, therefore, is suggested.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figure

Estado nutricional e teor de glicosídeos cianogênicos em plantas de seringueira.

A presença de altos teores de glicosídeos cianogênicos pode predispor a planta ao secamento de painel. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência do estado nutricional na formação dos glicosídeos cianogênicos na seringueira, utilizando dois experimentos: a) jardim clonal com copa de híbridos de Hevea pauciflora e H. guianensis var. marginata (CPAA C 01) e de H. rigidifolia (CPAA C 81); e b) viveiro com H. brasiliensis. No jardim clonal foram coletadas ao acaso, folhas de 23 plantas, enquanto no viveiro, foi realizado experimento em delineamento inteiramente casualisado com cinco repetições, com tratamentos em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, com duas doses de nitrogênio - N (0,8 e 1,6%, fonte: uréia) e quatro de manganês - Mn (0, 10, 50 e 100 mg kg-1). Na seringueira, independentemente da idade e da espécie de Hevea, os teores foliares de N, Mn e clorofila tiveram correlação positiva com o HCNp das folhas novas e diagnóstico, podendo assim serem utilizados em futuros processos de seleção. Em concentrações baixas de N (0,8%), as doses de Mn influenciaram a absorção de N, P, K, Ca, S, Fe e Mn pelas plantas de seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis), na fase de viveiro. Nutritional status and glycoside cyanogenic concentration in rubber tree plants. The presence of high cyanogenic glycosides concentrations may predispose plant to the tapping panel dryness (TPD). The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of nutritional status in formation of cyanogenic glycosides in rubber tree. Two experiments were carried out: a) clonal nursery with crow clones hybrids of Hevea pauciflora x H. guianensis var. Marginata (CPAA C 01) and H. rigidifolia (CPAA C 81); and b) nursery with H. brasiliensis. In clonal nursery, twenty three foliar samples were collected, while in nursery, the experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design in factorial scheme 2 x 4 with five replicates. Two nitrogen doses (0.8 and 1.6%, urea as source) and four manganese doses (0, 10, 50 and 100 mg kg-1, MnSO4 as source) were used. Regardless of age and species of Hevea, only the N, chlorophyll and Mn concentrations showed relationship with the HCNp in young leaves. These variables should be used in future selection processes. At low N (0.8%) concentration, the Mn doses influenced the N, P, K, Ca, S, Fe and Mn uptake by rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) in the nursery condition

Modulation of the high mobility two-dimensional electrons in Si/SiGe using atomic-layer-deposited gate dielectric

Metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET's) using atomic-layer-deposited (ALD) Al$_2$O$_3$ as the gate dielectric are fabricated on the Si/Si$_{1-x}$Ge$_x$ heterostructures. The low-temperature carrier density of a two-dimensional electron system (2DES) in the strained Si quantum well can be controllably tuned from 2.5$\times10^{11}$cm$^{-2}$ to 4.5$\times10^{11}$cm$^{-2}$, virtually without any gate leakage current. Magnetotransport data show the homogeneous depletion of 2DES under gate biases. The characteristic of vertical modulation using ALD dielectric is shown to be better than that using Schottky barrier or the SiO$_2$ dielectric formed by plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor-deposition(PECVD).Comment: 3 pages Revtex4, 4 figure

Quantum oscillations observed in graphene at microwave frequencies

We have measured the microwave conductance of mechanically exfoliated graphene at frequencies up to 8.5 GHz. The conductance at 4.2 K exhibits quantum oscillations, and is independent of the frequency

Trust as an antecedent to knowledge sharing in virtual communities of practice

2007-2008 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalAccepted ManuscriptPublishe

Self-dual Vortices in the Abelian Chern-Simons Model with Two Complex Scalar Fields

Making use of $\phi$-mapping topological current method, we discuss the self-dual vortices in the Abelian Chern-Simons model with two complex scalar fields. For each scalar field, an exact nontrivial equation with a topological term which is missing in many references is derived analytically. The general angular momentum is obtained. The magnetic flux which relates the two scalar fields is calculated. Furthermore, we investigate the vortex evolution processes, and find that because of the present of the vortex molecule, these evolution processes is more complicated than the vortex evolution processes in the corresponding single scalar field model.Comment: 9 pages, no figure

Thermodynamic Study of Excitations in a 3D Spin Liquid

In order to characterize thermal excitations in a frustrated spin liquid, we have examined the magnetothermodynamics of a model geometrically frustrated magnet. Our data demonstrate a crossover in the nature of the spin excitations between the spin liquid phase and the high-temperature paramagnetic state. The temperature dependence of both the specific heat and magnetization in the spin liquid phase can be fit within a simple model which assumes that the spin excitations have a gapped quadratic dispersion relation.Comment: 5 figure